French Health Insurance Laws for Residents and Expats

For Residents:

1. Universal Health Coverage (PUMA):

   • Since 2016, France has implemented the Protection Universelle Maladie (PUMA), which grants automatic and continuous health coverage to all residents who legally reside in France for at least three months.

2. Public Health Insurance (Assurance Maladie):

   • Residents are required to register with the Assurance Maladie, part of the French Social Security system. This public health insurance covers around 70% of healthcare costs, with the remaining 30% typically covered by private health insurance (mutuelle).

3. Carte Vitale:

   • Once registered, residents receive a Carte Vitale, a green plastic card that allows direct reimbursement of medical expenses and streamlines administrative procedures.

For Expats:

1. Eligibility:

   • Expats who are employed, self-employed, or retired and have contributed to the French Social Security system are generally eligible for public health insurance. EU citizens residing in France for more than three months can also apply.

2. Registration:

   • Expats must submit various documents to register with the Assurance Maladie, such as a residence permit, proof of address, identification, employment contract, or proof of Social Security contributions.

3. Private Health Insurance:

   • Expats who are not yet eligible for public health insurance must have private health insurance. This is especially important during the initial period of residence in France.

4. State Medical Assistance (AME):

   • Undocumented immigrants residing in France for at least three months may be eligible for State Medical Assistance (Aide Médicale de l'État or AME), which covers up to 100% of healthcare expenses within the maximum rates set by the French Social Security system.